Crab and Cockle Shells as Catalysts for the Preparation of Methyl Esters from Low Free Fatty Acid Chicken Fat
The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesterification have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesterification of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD)...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Oil Chemists' Society Press
2010
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/5344/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/5344/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/5344/1/Gaanty%27s.pdf |
| Summary: | The use of waste oils/fats, as well as catalysts from waste materials, for producing biodiesel via transesterification
have been of recent interest. As such, in the present work, the transesterification of chicken fat using crab and cockle shells as a catalyst was attempted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX)
results show that, upon thermal activation, both shells
transformed into CaO, the active ingredient that catalyzes
the reaction. In addition, the catalytic performance of
individual shells as well as the combination of both shells
in various ratios was similar. Under the optimal reaction
conditions of 4.9 wt% catalyst amount and 0.55:1 methanol
to oil mass ratio, methyl esters conversion above 98% was achieved in 3 h. The chicken fat methyl esters that were produced were found to meet several key specifications of biodiesel based on EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 test procedures. |
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