Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum

The leaves of Gynotroches axillaris were chemically and biologically studied. Sequential extraction of the leaves using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol afforded three extracts. Purification of pet. ether extract yielded, squalene and β-amyrin palmitate as the major compounds, together wit...

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Main Authors:	Ahmed Sbed, Salam, Sirat, Hasnah M, Bakhtiar, M. Taher
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi 2016
Subjects:	RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/1/Salam-Pakistan%20J%20Pharm%20Sci.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/7/52760_Tyrosinase%20inhibition%2C%20anti%C2%ADacetylcholinesterase%2C%20and%20antimicrobial_Scopus.pdf

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spelling	iium-527602017-04-05T07:53:19Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/ Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum Ahmed Sbed, Salam Sirat, Hasnah M Bakhtiar, M. Taher RS Pharmacy and materia medica The leaves of Gynotroches axillaris were chemically and biologically studied. Sequential extraction of the leaves using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol afforded three extracts. Purification of pet. ether extract yielded, squalene and β-amyrin palmitate as the major compounds, together with palmitic acid and myristic acid as the minor components. The methanol extract yielded two flavonoids, quercitrin and epicatechin. The isolated compounds were characterized by MS, IR and NMR (1D and 2D). Anti-acetyl cholinesterase screening using TLC bio-autography assay showed that palmitic acid and myristic acid were the strongest inhibition with detection limit 1.14 and 1.28 µg/ 5 µL respectively. Antibacterial against Gram-positive and negative and antifungal activities exhibited that β-amyrin palmitate was the strongest (450-225 μg/mL) against all the tested microbes. The tyrosinase inhibition assay of extracts and the pure compounds were screened against tyrosinase enzyme. The inhibition percentage (I%) of methanol extract against tyrosinase enzyme was stronger than the other extracts with value 68.4%. Quercitrin (59%) was found to be the highest in the tyrosinase inhibition activity amongst the pure compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on the phytochemicals, tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetycholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of the leaves of G. axillaris. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi 2016-11 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/1/Salam-Pakistan%20J%20Pharm%20Sci.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/7/52760_Tyrosinase%20inhibition%2C%20anti%C2%ADacetylcholinesterase%2C%20and%20antimicrobial_Scopus.pdf Ahmed Sbed, Salam and Sirat, Hasnah M and Bakhtiar, M. Taher (2016) Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29 (6). pp. 2071-2078. ISSN 1011-601X http://www.pjps.pk/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/29/6/Paper-25.pdf
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English
topic	RS Pharmacy and materia medica
spellingShingle	RS Pharmacy and materia medica Ahmed Sbed, Salam Sirat, Hasnah M Bakhtiar, M. Taher Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum
description	The leaves of Gynotroches axillaris were chemically and biologically studied. Sequential extraction of the leaves using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol afforded three extracts. Purification of pet. ether extract yielded, squalene and β-amyrin palmitate as the major compounds, together with palmitic acid and myristic acid as the minor components. The methanol extract yielded two flavonoids, quercitrin and epicatechin. The isolated compounds were characterized by MS, IR and NMR (1D and 2D). Anti-acetyl cholinesterase screening using TLC bio-autography assay showed that palmitic acid and myristic acid were the strongest inhibition with detection limit 1.14 and 1.28 µg/ 5 µL respectively. Antibacterial against Gram-positive and negative and antifungal activities exhibited that β-amyrin palmitate was the strongest (450-225 μg/mL) against all the tested microbes. The tyrosinase inhibition assay of extracts and the pure compounds were screened against tyrosinase enzyme. The inhibition percentage (I%) of methanol extract against tyrosinase enzyme was stronger than the other extracts with value 68.4%. Quercitrin (59%) was found to be the highest in the tyrosinase inhibition activity amongst the pure compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on the phytochemicals, tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetycholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of the leaves of G. axillaris.
format	Article
author	Ahmed Sbed, Salam Sirat, Hasnah M Bakhtiar, M. Taher
author_facet	Ahmed Sbed, Salam Sirat, Hasnah M Bakhtiar, M. Taher
author_sort	Ahmed Sbed, Salam
title	Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum
title_short	Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum
title_full	Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum
title_fullStr	Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum
title_full_unstemmed	Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum
title_sort	tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from gynotroches axillaris blum
publisher	Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi
publishDate	2016
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/1/Salam-Pakistan%20J%20Pharm%20Sci.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/52760/7/52760_Tyrosinase%20inhibition%2C%20anti%C2%ADacetylcholinesterase%2C%20and%20antimicrobial_Scopus.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T21:14:44Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T21:14:44Z
_version_	1777411486325407744

Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blum

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