Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) can be used in many industrial areas such as composites for construction, automotive, furniture and new materials for electronics and pharmaceutical applications as well as thickener in cosmetic products. It can be isolated from different lignocellulosic materials us...

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Main Authors: ., Avicenna, Jimat, Dzun Noraini, Mohd Salleh, Hamzah, Anuar, Hazleen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Akademia Baru 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/51217/
http://irep.iium.edu.my/51217/
http://irep.iium.edu.my/51217/3/ARMSV21_N1_P1_13-1_DZUN.pdf
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spelling iium-512172016-07-26T09:50:57Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/51217/ Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk ., Avicenna Jimat, Dzun Noraini Mohd Salleh, Hamzah Anuar, Hazleen TP155 Chemical engineering Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) can be used in many industrial areas such as composites for construction, automotive, furniture and new materials for electronics and pharmaceutical applications as well as thickener in cosmetic products. It can be isolated from different lignocellulosic materials using numerous technologies. In this study, MFC was produced from cocoa pod husk (CPH) substrate in two distinct processes. Substrate was subjected to fungal-pretreatment at the first stage through a solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger to promote enzymatic splitting of cellulose. The fungal pretreated substrate was then mechanically processed by the application of high-intensity ultrasonication. The optimum process of the fungal pretreatment stage through a response surface methodology (RSM) by employing central composite design (CCD) using Design expert version 8.0 with substrate raw particle size (RPS) inoculum size (IS) as independent variables were investigated. Statistical result of RSM showed that the model follows a quadratic response with IS as significant term. The 3D model graph exhibit an inverted peak response surface with maximum MFC particle size of 2761 nm at RPH of 850 µm and 5.0% IS. SEM images showed that the structure and morphology of the MFC differed over the various levels of IS with MFC diameter between 30 – 50 µm. Fungal-pretreatment was able to remove amorphous structure of hemicelluloses and lignin giving a loosen structure that less than 100m. FTIR analyses indicated a prominent spectra change between 3600 cm-1 and 2600 cm-1. The peak at approximately 1730 cm-1 of the raw substrate attributes to the presence of hemicellulose, which this spectra poses lower intensity and almost disappeared after the fungal treated samples were ultrasonicated. The appearance of 2θ = 150 for both treated MFC was also observed from XRD diffractograms which indicates the high content of crystalline cellulose. Akademia Baru 2016-06 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/51217/3/ARMSV21_N1_P1_13-1_DZUN.pdf ., Avicenna and Jimat, Dzun Noraini and Mohd Salleh, Hamzah and Anuar, Hazleen (2016) Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk. Journal of Advanced Research in Material Sciences, 21 (1). pp. 1-13. ISSN 2289-7992 http://www.akademiabaru.com/doc/ARMSV21_N1_P1_13.pdf
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution International Islamic University Malaysia
building IIUM Repository
collection Online Access
language English
topic TP155 Chemical engineering
spellingShingle TP155 Chemical engineering
., Avicenna
Jimat, Dzun Noraini
Mohd Salleh, Hamzah
Anuar, Hazleen
Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk
description Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) can be used in many industrial areas such as composites for construction, automotive, furniture and new materials for electronics and pharmaceutical applications as well as thickener in cosmetic products. It can be isolated from different lignocellulosic materials using numerous technologies. In this study, MFC was produced from cocoa pod husk (CPH) substrate in two distinct processes. Substrate was subjected to fungal-pretreatment at the first stage through a solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger to promote enzymatic splitting of cellulose. The fungal pretreated substrate was then mechanically processed by the application of high-intensity ultrasonication. The optimum process of the fungal pretreatment stage through a response surface methodology (RSM) by employing central composite design (CCD) using Design expert version 8.0 with substrate raw particle size (RPS) inoculum size (IS) as independent variables were investigated. Statistical result of RSM showed that the model follows a quadratic response with IS as significant term. The 3D model graph exhibit an inverted peak response surface with maximum MFC particle size of 2761 nm at RPH of 850 µm and 5.0% IS. SEM images showed that the structure and morphology of the MFC differed over the various levels of IS with MFC diameter between 30 – 50 µm. Fungal-pretreatment was able to remove amorphous structure of hemicelluloses and lignin giving a loosen structure that less than 100m. FTIR analyses indicated a prominent spectra change between 3600 cm-1 and 2600 cm-1. The peak at approximately 1730 cm-1 of the raw substrate attributes to the presence of hemicellulose, which this spectra poses lower intensity and almost disappeared after the fungal treated samples were ultrasonicated. The appearance of 2θ = 150 for both treated MFC was also observed from XRD diffractograms which indicates the high content of crystalline cellulose.
format Article
author ., Avicenna
Jimat, Dzun Noraini
Mohd Salleh, Hamzah
Anuar, Hazleen
author_facet ., Avicenna
Jimat, Dzun Noraini
Mohd Salleh, Hamzah
Anuar, Hazleen
author_sort ., Avicenna
title Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk
title_short Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk
title_full Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk
title_fullStr Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk
title_full_unstemmed Effect of fungal pretreatment by Aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk
title_sort effect of fungal pretreatment by aspergillus niger assisted by ultrasonication on microfibrillated cellulose obtained from cocoa pod husk
publisher Akademia Baru
publishDate 2016
url http://irep.iium.edu.my/51217/
http://irep.iium.edu.my/51217/
http://irep.iium.edu.my/51217/3/ARMSV21_N1_P1_13-1_DZUN.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T21:12:30Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T21:12:30Z
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