A two-step optimization and statistical analysis of COD reduction from biotreated POME using empty fruit bunch-based activated carbon produced from pyrolysis
In this investigation, the potential of powdered activated carbon (PAC) derived from empty fruit bunch (EFB) precursor through pyrolysis method for chemical oxygen demand (COD) adsorption from biotreated palm oil mill effluent (POME) was extensively studied. The PAC was prepared and characteriz...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
Springer Netherlands
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/47331/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/47331/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/47331/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/47331/4/Final_Publication_witn_page_number.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/47331/7/47331_A%20two-step%20optimization%20and%20statistical%20analysis%20of%20COD_Scopus.pdf |
| Summary: | In this investigation, the potential of powdered
activated carbon (PAC) derived from empty fruit bunch
(EFB) precursor through pyrolysis method for chemical
oxygen demand (COD) adsorption from biotreated palm oil
mill effluent (POME) was extensively studied. The PAC
was prepared and characterized using scanning electron
microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The SEM
microphotographs showed opened micropores existing in
the PAC structure with a surface area of 886.2 m
2
/g. The
FTIR spectra revealed the three major peaks exhibited by
the surface of the activated carbon at exactly wavenumbers
of 1737.61, 1365.10 and 1216.91 cm
-1
. This suggests the
presence of some functional groups which can potentially
enhance positive interactions between the adsorbent and
the adsorbate.Design-Expert
�
software (version 7.0.0) was
employed for the statistical experimental design of a twostep optimization: factorial and response surface methodology. Maximum COD reduction of 84 % (227 ppm
residual) was achieved from an initial concentration of
1387 ppm. This study being the first optimization process
with the utility of EFB-based PAC in the treatment of the
high-strength multicomponent biotreated POME; hence,
the results could serve as requisite data for upscaling and/or future investigations in the utility of the precursor as a viable adsorbent. |
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