Depression, anxiety and stress level of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients from a selected primary care clinic in Kuantan, Pahang
Introduction: Modern stressors such as financial worries, deadline pressures at work or school, as well as unnecessary physical stressors such as excessive caloric intake, obesity, and inactivity chronically activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to adverse health consequences su...
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/39830/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/39830/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/39830/3/depression_anxiety_stress.pdf |
| Summary: | Introduction: Modern stressors such as financial worries, deadline pressures at work or school, as well as unnecessary physical stressors such as excessive caloric intake, obesity, and inactivity chronically activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to adverse health consequences such as increased rates of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and mood disorders like depression and anxiety. The relationship between chronic stress, depression, and anxiety is complex and incredibly powerful. Based on the facts, stress, anxiety and depression might affect together on patients with DM through physiological mechanism and via health related behavior particularly poor compliance of treatment and diet control.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out. The respondents were selected through random sampling from the list of patients who attended the diabetic clinic in a selected primary care clinic in Kuantan, Pahang during the study period from 1st July 2013 to 31st August 2013. Depression, anxiety and stress level of the patients were assessed by using self-reported answer on the validated Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales 21(DASS-21) Malay version within stipulated time. Four rating scores of the patients on DASS-21 questions were analyzed to determine the level and prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among type-2 DM patients. Background socio-demo-economic status and clinical profiles were assessed by using a pre-tested verified questionnaire. A correlation matrix was done to infer the relationship of depression, anxiety and stress of the type-2 DM patients. A cross analysis was done to find out the influences of background socio-demo-economic status and clinical profiles of the type-2 DM patients on their depression, anxiety and stress status.
Results: A total of 103 Type 2 DM patients agreed to participate in the study. The study revealed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among type 2 DM are 12.6%, 20.4% and 9.7 % respectively. There are significance correlation in between the relationship of depression, anxiety and stress among Type-2 DM but there are no significance difference variables in between Type-2 DM patients with DAS group and non DAS group except in female gender.
Conclusion: Regular assessing DAS status and Psychological support/therapy to relieve anxiety and stress together with anti-depressant medication should be considered as a holistic care to assist in glycemic control and to improve quality of life of DM patients. A further study should be conducted with extended sample size to get more valid data regarding this issue.
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