Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement
Hajj is an annual mass gathering of Muslim pilgrims in Mecca. The understanding of crowd behaviour during this ritual based mass gathering from the psychosocial perspective is inadequately highlighted in the literature. Based on the initial interviews with pilgrims, three main components of crowd be...
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English English |
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2014
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/2/IISES_2014_Proceeding-2-2-714.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/3/IISES_2014_Conference_Program.pdf |
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iium-378342018-06-13T07:10:23Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/ Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement Abdul Ghani, Noraida Ahmad Hatta, Zulkarnain Mohd Hashim , Intan Hashimah Sulong, Jasni Mohd Mahudin, Nor Diana Abdul Rahman, Shukran Mat Saad , Zarina BF176 Psychological tests and testing BF636 Applied psychology HM1001 Social psychology HM711 Groups and organizations Hajj is an annual mass gathering of Muslim pilgrims in Mecca. The understanding of crowd behaviour during this ritual based mass gathering from the psychosocial perspective is inadequately highlighted in the literature. Based on the initial interviews with pilgrims, three main components of crowd behaviour were identified: observable crowd behaviour, emotion and cognitive. This paper reports on the sub-scales identified and the reliability of the questionnaires that were developed and pilot-tested to measure the three components. The subjects of the survey included 203 respondents during pre-Hajj training at three different locations in the country. Using explanatory factor analysis with principle axes factoring, 7 sub-scales of observable crowd behaviour components, 5 sub-scales of emotion components and 4 sub-scales of cognitive components were identified. Sub-scales of observable crowd behaviour included aggressive behaviour, coping behaviour, defensive behaviour, avoidance behaviour, protective behaviour, tolerant behaviour and hazardous behaviour. Subscales of emotion included positive emotion, negative emotion, positive comfortable emotion, negative comfortable emotion and positive spiritual emotion. The four sub-scales of cognitive included spiritual thoughts, negative thoughts of others, thoughts on Hajj Management and thoughts of safety. Using internal consistency method (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient), all sub-scales have acceptable reliabilities except for protective, tolerant and hazardous behaviours. Majority of the sub-scales have Spearmen correlation values below 0.3 suggesting substantial independence of the sub-scales. The results of the study contribute to the enhancement of the dimensions of the behaviour of pilgrims in a ritual based crowd. However, further research is warranted with the scale in order to improve its reliability and to test its validity. 2014-06-03 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/2/IISES_2014_Proceeding-2-2-714.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/3/IISES_2014_Conference_Program.pdf Abdul Ghani, Noraida and Ahmad Hatta, Zulkarnain and Mohd Hashim , Intan Hashimah and Sulong, Jasni and Mohd Mahudin, Nor Diana and Abdul Rahman, Shukran and Mat Saad , Zarina (2014) Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement. In: Vienna 10th International Academic Conference, 3-6 June 2014, Austria . http://proceedings.iises.net/index.php?action=proceedingsIndexConference&id=2&page=3 |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Local University |
| institution |
International Islamic University Malaysia |
| building |
IIUM Repository |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English English |
| topic |
BF176 Psychological tests and testing BF636 Applied psychology HM1001 Social psychology HM711 Groups and organizations |
| spellingShingle |
BF176 Psychological tests and testing BF636 Applied psychology HM1001 Social psychology HM711 Groups and organizations Abdul Ghani, Noraida Ahmad Hatta, Zulkarnain Mohd Hashim , Intan Hashimah Sulong, Jasni Mohd Mahudin, Nor Diana Abdul Rahman, Shukran Mat Saad , Zarina Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement |
| description |
Hajj is an annual mass gathering of Muslim pilgrims in Mecca. The understanding of crowd behaviour during this ritual based mass gathering from the psychosocial perspective is inadequately highlighted in the literature. Based on the initial interviews with pilgrims, three main components of crowd behaviour were identified: observable crowd behaviour, emotion and cognitive. This paper reports on the sub-scales identified and the reliability of the questionnaires that were developed and pilot-tested to measure the three components. The subjects of the survey included 203 respondents during pre-Hajj training at three different locations in the country. Using explanatory factor analysis with principle axes factoring, 7 sub-scales of observable crowd behaviour components, 5 sub-scales of emotion components and 4 sub-scales of cognitive components were identified. Sub-scales of observable crowd behaviour included aggressive behaviour, coping behaviour, defensive behaviour, avoidance behaviour, protective behaviour, tolerant behaviour and hazardous behaviour. Subscales of emotion included positive emotion, negative emotion, positive comfortable emotion, negative comfortable emotion and positive spiritual emotion. The four sub-scales of cognitive included spiritual thoughts, negative thoughts of others, thoughts on Hajj Management and thoughts of safety. Using internal consistency method (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient), all sub-scales have acceptable reliabilities except for protective, tolerant and hazardous behaviours. Majority of the sub-scales have Spearmen correlation values below 0.3 suggesting substantial independence of the sub-scales. The results of the study contribute to the enhancement of the dimensions of the behaviour of pilgrims in a ritual based crowd. However, further research is warranted with the scale in order to improve its reliability and to test its validity. |
| format |
Conference or Workshop Item |
| author |
Abdul Ghani, Noraida Ahmad Hatta, Zulkarnain Mohd Hashim , Intan Hashimah Sulong, Jasni Mohd Mahudin, Nor Diana Abdul Rahman, Shukran Mat Saad , Zarina |
| author_facet |
Abdul Ghani, Noraida Ahmad Hatta, Zulkarnain Mohd Hashim , Intan Hashimah Sulong, Jasni Mohd Mahudin, Nor Diana Abdul Rahman, Shukran Mat Saad , Zarina |
| author_sort |
Abdul Ghani, Noraida |
| title |
Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement
|
| title_short |
Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement
|
| title_full |
Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement
|
| title_fullStr |
Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement
|
| title_full_unstemmed |
Crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement
|
| title_sort |
crowd behaviour in a ritual based mass gathering and reliability of scale measurement |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/2/IISES_2014_Proceeding-2-2-714.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/37834/3/IISES_2014_Conference_Program.pdf |
| first_indexed |
2023-09-18T20:54:14Z |
| last_indexed |
2023-09-18T20:54:14Z |
| _version_ |
1777410197284716544 |