Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell

Effective use of local iron ore and biomass waste as energy and material resources in iron making is an interesting economic prospect since Malaysia imports iron ore to supply its domestic steel consumption while there is an abundance of biomass waste from the palm oil industry. In this work, a comp...

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Main Authors:	Zamani Abd Rashid, Rusila, Mohd. Salleh, Hamzah, Ani, Mohd Hanafi, Yunus, Nurul Azhani, Tomohiro, Akiyama, Purwanto, Hadi
Format:	Article
Language:	English English English
Published:	Elsevier 2014
Subjects:	TN600 Metallurgy TP155 Chemical engineering
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/1/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/2/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/3/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet_WOS.pdf

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recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-325442017-09-26T02:08:42Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/ Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell Zamani Abd Rashid, Rusila Mohd. Salleh, Hamzah Ani, Mohd Hanafi Yunus, Nurul Azhani Tomohiro, Akiyama Purwanto, Hadi TN600 Metallurgy TP155 Chemical engineering Effective use of local iron ore and biomass waste as energy and material resources in iron making is an interesting economic prospect since Malaysia imports iron ore to supply its domestic steel consumption while there is an abundance of biomass waste from the palm oil industry. In this work, a composite pellet made of Malaysian iron ore with palm kernel shell (PKS) waste was subjected to reduction tests using an electric tube furnace to investigate the effect of temperature and PKS content on reduction rate. Several iron ore samples taken from different mining locations were subjected to thermal and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The rate of iron ore reduction increased with increasing temperature up to 900 °C. XRD analysis revealed that the original iron ore mainly contains iron oxide hydrate and was converted into simple hematite after heating and then become magnetite after reduction. The Fe content in the original ore increased almost 12% when 40 wt% of PKS was used. The iron oxide was successfully reduced to magnetite and small amount of wustite when up to 20 wt% of PKS was present in the mixture. Besides, 20 wt% of PKS in reduction process can reduce CO2 emissions by almost 18.69 wt% as well as decrease carbon consumption by 19.78 wt%. Thus, the utilization of biomass as a reducing agent for low grade iron ore reduction is an attractive method for upgrading iron ore as well as reducing CO2 emissions. Elsevier 2014-03 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/1/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/2/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet_SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/3/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet_WOS.pdf Zamani Abd Rashid, Rusila and Mohd. Salleh, Hamzah and Ani, Mohd Hanafi and Yunus, Nurul Azhani and Tomohiro, Akiyama and Purwanto, Hadi (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell. Renewable Energy, 63. pp. 617-623. ISSN 0960-1481 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148113005259 10.1016/j.renene.2013.09.046
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English English
topic	TN600 Metallurgy TP155 Chemical engineering
spellingShingle	TN600 Metallurgy TP155 Chemical engineering Zamani Abd Rashid, Rusila Mohd. Salleh, Hamzah Ani, Mohd Hanafi Yunus, Nurul Azhani Tomohiro, Akiyama Purwanto, Hadi Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell
description	Effective use of local iron ore and biomass waste as energy and material resources in iron making is an interesting economic prospect since Malaysia imports iron ore to supply its domestic steel consumption while there is an abundance of biomass waste from the palm oil industry. In this work, a composite pellet made of Malaysian iron ore with palm kernel shell (PKS) waste was subjected to reduction tests using an electric tube furnace to investigate the effect of temperature and PKS content on reduction rate. Several iron ore samples taken from different mining locations were subjected to thermal and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The rate of iron ore reduction increased with increasing temperature up to 900 °C. XRD analysis revealed that the original iron ore mainly contains iron oxide hydrate and was converted into simple hematite after heating and then become magnetite after reduction. The Fe content in the original ore increased almost 12% when 40 wt% of PKS was used. The iron oxide was successfully reduced to magnetite and small amount of wustite when up to 20 wt% of PKS was present in the mixture. Besides, 20 wt% of PKS in reduction process can reduce CO2 emissions by almost 18.69 wt% as well as decrease carbon consumption by 19.78 wt%. Thus, the utilization of biomass as a reducing agent for low grade iron ore reduction is an attractive method for upgrading iron ore as well as reducing CO2 emissions.
format	Article
author	Zamani Abd Rashid, Rusila Mohd. Salleh, Hamzah Ani, Mohd Hanafi Yunus, Nurul Azhani Tomohiro, Akiyama Purwanto, Hadi
author_facet	Zamani Abd Rashid, Rusila Mohd. Salleh, Hamzah Ani, Mohd Hanafi Yunus, Nurul Azhani Tomohiro, Akiyama Purwanto, Hadi
author_sort	Zamani Abd Rashid, Rusila
title	Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell
title_short	Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell
title_full	Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell
title_fullStr	Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell
title_full_unstemmed	Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell
title_sort	reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2014
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/1/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/2/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/32544/3/32544_Reduction%20of%20low%20grade%20iron%20ore%20pellet_WOS.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:46:57Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:46:57Z
_version_	1777409738685808640

Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell

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