The Iberian crusaderism and the end of Pax Islamica in the Indian Ocean
The Christian European corsairs andpirates cruised against Muslim sea merchants in the Indian Ocean with the spiritual blessing of the powerful churches in Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, England and France. Their conquests ofthe prosperous Muslim seaports in the Indian Ocean were authorized by the...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2009
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/13186/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/13186/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/13186/1/The_Iberian_Crusaderism_and_the_End_of_Pax_Islamica.pdf |